A Constitution-Based Regulatory Framework for Artificial Intelligence to Safeguard Constitutional Rights
Model Regulasi Artificial Intelligence Berbasis Konstitusi untuk Perlindungan Hak Konstitusional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21111/ijtihad.v20i1.29Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Digital Constitutionalism, Constitutional Rights, AI Regulation, The Rule of LawAbstract
The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a disruptive technology has brought significant implications for governance and the protection of citizens' constitutional rights. Unlike the European Union through the AI Act and the United States through the AI Bill of Rights which has developed a regulatory framework based on risk and human rights, Indonesia is still in the early stages with partial, administrative, and sectoral arrangements. This condition creates a gap between the acceleration of technological innovation and the capacity of national law to ensure constitutional protection. This study examines the development of AI regulation in Indonesia from the perspective of digital constitutionalism, the level of protection of citizens' constitutional rights, and the conceptual model of constitution-based AI regulation in accordance with the national legal system. With normative juridical research methods through legislative, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches, the research shows that the protection of privacy rights is relatively more adequate through the Personal Data Protection Law, while the rights to procedural justice, freedom of expression, and non-discrimination are still not optimally protected. Therefore, constitution-based AI regulations that emphasize constitutionalism by design, the establishment of independent supervisory authorities, algorithmic due process, and Constitutional Impact Assessment (CIA) are needed with the 1945 Constitution as the main foundation of technology governance.
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